Tragic Flaw Definition and Examples

In classical tragedy, a tragic flaw is a personal quality or characteristic that leads the protagonist to make choices that ultimately cause a tragedy. The concept of a tragic flaw dates back to Aristotles Poetics. In Poetics, Aristotle used the term hamartia to refer to the innate quality that leads a protagonist towards his or her own downfall. The term fatal flaw is sometimes used in place of tragic flaw. Its important to note that neither tragic flaw nor hamartia necessarily denote a moral failing in the protagonist. Instead, it refers to specific qualities (good or bad) that cause the protagonist to make certain decisions that, in turn, make tragedy inevitable. Example: Tragic Flaw in Hamlet Hamlet, the titular protagonist of Shakespeare’s play, is one of the most-taught and clearest instances of a tragic flaw in classical literature. Although a quick reading of the play might suggest that Hamlets madness – feigned or real – is to blame for his downfall, his true tragic flaw is being overly hesitant. Hamlet’s hesitation to act is what leads to his downfall and to the tragic ending of the play as a whole. Throughout the play, Hamlet struggles internally with whether or not he should take his revenge and kill Claudius. Some of his concerns are explained clearly, as when he abandons a particular plan because he doesn’t want to kill Claudius while he’s praying and thus ensure that Claudius’s soul would go to heaven. He’s also, justifiably, concerned at first about taking action based on the word of a ghost. But even once he has all his evidence, he still takes the roundabout way. Because Hamlet hesitates, Claudius has time to make plots of his own, and when the two sets of plans collide, tragedy ensues, taking down most of the main cast with it. This is an instance where the tragic flaw is not inherently a moral failing. Hesitancy can be good in some circumstances; indeed, one can imagine other classical tragedies (Othello, for instance, or Romeo and Juliet) where hesitating would have actually averted the tragedy. However, in Hamlet, hesitancy is wrong for the circumstances and consequently leads to the tragic sequence of events. Therefore, Hamlets hesitant attitude a clear tragic flaw. Example: Tragic Flaw in Oedipus the King The concept of a tragic flaw originated in Greek tragedy. Oedipus, by Sophocles, is a prime example. Early in the play, Oedipus receives a prophecy that he will kill his father and marry his mother, but, refusing to accept this, he sets off on his own. His prideful refusal is seen as a rejection of the gods’ authority, making pride, or hubris, the root cause of his tragic end. Oedipus has several opportunities to walk back his actions, but his pride will not let him. Even after he embarks on his quest, he could still have avoided tragedy had he not been so certain that he knew best. Ultimately, his hubris leads him to challenge the gods – a huge mistake in Greek tragedy – and to insist on being given information that he has repeatedly been told he should never know. Oedipus pride is so great that he believes he knows better and that he can handle anything, but when he learns the truth of his parentage, he is utterly destroyed. This is an example of a tragic flaw that is also portrayed as an objective moral negative: Oedipus pride is excessive, which is a failing on its own even without the tragic arc. Example: Tragic Flaw in Macbeth In Shakespeares Macbeth, audiences can see the hamartia or tragic flaw grow over the course of the play. The flaw in question: ambition; or, specifically, unchecked ambition. In the earliest scenes of the play, Macbeth seems loyal enough to his king, but the moment he hears a prophecy that he will become king, his original loyalty goes out the window. Because his ambition is so intense, Macbeth does not pause to consider the possible implications of the witches’ prophecy. Urged on by his equally ambitious wife, Macbeth comes to believe that his destiny is to become king immediately, and he commits horrible crimes to get there. If he had not been so overly ambitious, he might have either ignored the prophecy or thought of it as a distant future that he could wait for. Because his behavior was determined by his ambition, he started a chain of events that tumbled out of his control. In Macbeth, the tragic flaw is seen as a moral failing, even by the protagonist himself. Convinced that everyone else is as ambitious as he is, Macbeth becomes paranoid and violent. He can recognize the downsides of ambition in others, but is unable to stop his own downward spiral. If not for his overreaching ambition, he would never have taken the throne, destroying his life and the lives of others.

Color Vs. Crime Racial Profiling - 1662 Words

Color vs. Crime Racial profiling, according to The Leadership Conference, â€Å"refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on race, ethnicity, religion or national origin.† This is a troubling pressing issue in the United States till this day. Racial profiling is patently illegal and violates the U.S. Constitution’s core promises of equal protection under the law to all and freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. Moreover, racial profiling is ineffective. Although people assume and stereotype others thinking that it would benefit them in certain situations, race will always play prominent a role in America through racial and police encounters with African Americans and Latinos in an unfavorable aspect. Rod Dreher from The American Conservative acknowledged that being racist and racial profiling are two different things. Being racist is judging someone by their skin color, while racial profiling has to do with facts. â€Å"If you re racist, you re not racial profiling; and if you re racial profiling, you re not being racist.† It is proven that some ethnicities do have a higher crime rate. In addition, they stated some countries are full of many terrorist organizations, and you are not harming anyone if you target someone. It is all just an analysis of logic and judgement. Although there are articles and debates that argue on the morality of racial profiling, there’s more evidence concentrated onShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling : An American Trauma921 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Racial Profiling: An American Trauma One of the most imminent threats looming within American society is race relations. America is a melting pot of different races, cultures, and religions, yet the matter of racial profiling still remains prominent today. 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Race and location are the supreme characteristics law enforcement visually examine when engaging in this type of profiling. African-American males are the primary victims of racial profiling in the United States. The phrase â€Å"driving while black† derive from African Americans protesting that they are pulled over by policeRead MoreLaw and Order Injustice1120 Words   |  5 Pagesthe poor streets dirty with a sense of people of color will be placed in poor dangerous neighborhoods with violence and drugs. The news reporters every day file cases of police officers using their power to control and abuse the law by hurting citizens by their image of clothing and color of their skin. In â€Å"A Brother’s Murder† a journalist talks about his experience living in a poor neighborhood and how his br other tragically died in a city of crime. 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Memo Report †Starbucks Free Essays

As you previously requested I have worked out a memo report on; what Starbucks have done in the past, what they are doing now and how we can learn from them. It is very important to notice what competitors do when there are uncontrollable market conditions, so there can be an easier adapting process. Starbucks have 11. We will write a custom essay sample on Memo Report – Starbucks or any similar topic only for you Order Now 000 stores worldwide, and they serve more than 40 million customers each week and even with these enormous numbers Starbucks continues to grow. The reason Starbucks is still growing is that; people loves the products that Starbucks provide, but there is more to it, Starbucks is also a very beloved brand. They have a wide product range and they are very innovative, constantly making new products to keep on being interesting. The clever thing about this is that you never get tired of the brand because it’s constantly developing itself, making it a very effective business strategy. In my opinion there is the possibility of following the example that Starbucks have set, it’s impossible to argue with the logics of a constantly extending product range that is both innovative and high quality. Starbucks meet the customer’s needs before they even know that they need it. They come up with ideas faster than most other coffee places, making it virtually impossible to criticize the depth of their product range as it is constantly expanding. An example of the creative side of Starbucks could be the new â€Å"Instant coffee† that Starbuck have just added in their product range. The product consists of a small packet of coffee that a customer can carry with them and make coffee almost everywhere, all they need is water. It would of course be a great idea to be more innovative at Cafe Nero, as it would satisfy a wider range of customers. However one must have in mind that Starbucks is a gigantic worldwide chain and therefore can afford to have whole departments only created to make new products. It is, therefore, not possible to be as innovative as Starbucks, but that shouldn’t stop us from trying. I suggest that we should look at what Starbucks have done, for example with the â€Å"Instant coffee† but while we do that we also have to remember that our brand name have to remain ours, eaning that we cannot try to copy what competitors do, but that we have to invent our own success. There is another very important aspect; the present consumer trends and the economic downturn that should not be forgotten when we consider how we can be more successful. When people become more afraid of their future economic situation they will be less likely to spend money, meaning that a very logic proposa l would be to lower the prices on our products. Coffee is becoming more and more like a culture, for some even an addiction, some people can’t even start their day before they have had their morning coffee. With this in mind, one could make the easy conclusion that there is a demand for coffee and that we could therefore raise our prices. However, I believe that both our current and future customers would appreciate a lowering of our prices, so in a short-term period it would probably lower our income, but I believe that on long-term it would make more customers and make our current customers happier and more loyal to our brand. When the economy eventually starts getting better, maybe even turning to an economic boom it would be a possibility to slowly raising our prices back to a more normal level because people feel more safe about the future and therefore will be more likely to spend money. When looking at the present consumer trends I think it’s safe to say that consumers love variation and creativity. There isn’t a very large market for regular coffee anymore; consumers want to see different products and experience different flavors. The point of this is that Starbucks adapt to this trend by constantly trying to innovate their brand with new products, but at the same time they stay true to their brand and they don’t compromise on quality; that is what made their success. These things that I have lined up are what I have found that we at Cafe Nero can learn from Starbucks, I personally believe that Starbucks is a good source of inspiration and admiration as they have succeeded in so many ways. But what we also have to remember is that we also have to stay true to ourselves and not become something that we are not. Let Starbucks be Starbucks, and let us be Cafe Nero. How to cite Memo Report – Starbucks, Papers

Its About Time by Jonas Brothers free essay sample

We all know them: theyre the Jonas Brothers. How on earth could you NOT know them? I mean theyre basically the number one boy band in America and all around the world, they have starred in Camp Rock, Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam, JONAS and JONAS LA, wrote a bestselling book (Burning Up: On Tour with the Jonas Brothers) and have had three hit albums and two world tours. But how many of you knew of the Jonas Brothers BEFORE they were signed to Hollywood Records and joined the Disney family? How many of you knew about them before Hannah Montana? Before The Best of Both Worlds Hannah Montana/Miley Cyrus tour? Before sold out arenas and screaming fans throwing bras and underwear on the stage? What about before then? Well, before then we had Its About Time, a limited release album, put out by Columbia Records. It bombed. We will write a custom essay sample on Its About Time by Jonas Brothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The album hardly sold any copies and, even though it was released a second time with a slightly different track listing, it hardly did any better and was soon after removed from the shelves. Why? Because it was awful. Thats the complete and honest truth, it stunk. If you had picked up the album and listened to it, way back in 2006, you would have cried at how dorky and unprofessional the it was. Only four songs out of the 11/12 tracks would have been hits at all and hardly any of the songs were written by the boys themselves. Two of the songs (What I Go To School For, Year 3000, both with slightly different lyrics) were cover songs from the band Busted (who?), and Six Minutes was a cover from the band LFO/Light Funky Ones (once again, WHO); and I only know of two songs written by the boys themselves and those are Mandy and Please Be Mine. The album, today, is a collectors item. On e-bay you can find it for as little as a dollar and up to $101 on Amazon. Dont expect to find it anywhere in Goodwill since anyone who knows anything about current trends has picked it up and plans on selling it for a pretty penny online. Non-Jonas Brothers fans would never think of listening to the album, but to fans, it has become a classic. While its still dorky and sounds terribly like a kids cd, it is held dear to JoBro fans. They now wish at 7:05, and wish that Nick/Kevin/Joe would Please Be Mine. They no longer worry about 2012, because the Jonas Brothers have gone to the Year 3000 and they wish their name was Mandy. Its a hit. So if youre a Jonas Brothers fan, borrow it from a friend who actually bought it or download it from the internet; if you cant stand the Jonas Brothers, dont listen. It would only give you more reason to not like them. *Its About Time is the name of the album because many of the songs have to do with time (i.e, Year 3000, Time For Me To Fly, Six Minutes, One Day At A Time and 7:05.

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas free essay sample

A sense of belonging in place is a chief aspect explored in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas. Bruno’s feelings of affinity with the neighborhood he grew up in is made evident from the beginning, through a scene of him and his friends running through the streets of Berlin with their arms out and making aeroplane noises. A high angle shot is used and the boys’ winding movements are mimicked by a tracking shot which serves to emphasis the carefree nature of childhood innocence and their obliviousness to the horrors occurring elsewhere.Bruno’s playfulness and exuberant facial expression denotes the sense of belonging he feels with his friends as well as the place in which he is playing. Gentle piano music accompanies this scene which exudes a sense of calm through its soaring, uplifting melody and resonant tone to suggest how much Bruno is enjoying his game. A short while later, the music takes on an increasingly precarious tone when Nazi officers are shown gathering Jewish families and roughly herding them into the back of trucks. We will write a custom essay sample on Boy in the Striped Pyjamas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The young boys, due to their protective barrier of naivety and innocence, fail to acknowledge the true nature behind such events. The physically aggressive manner with which the Jews are being treated suggests they are not wanted in that area and consequently would experience a sense of alienation and rejection. The sense of security which was initially portrayed is now contrasted through this scene via effective juxtaposition and also serves to ominously imply that this sense of belonging Bruno feels is only temporary.The notion of familial affinity as a source of belonging is illustrated through Bruno’s interactions with his family. He is well-loved by his mother and father as shown through their genuinely affectionate and caring gestures and use of endearments such as â€Å"sweetheart† and â€Å"lamb†. However, it is the older sister with whom he experiences conflict with as shown through one of his many retorts: â€Å"You’re only twelve, so stop pretending you’re any older. In a particular scene where Bruno’s parents are informing him that they will be moving to the countryside due to the father’s promotion, the notion that he does not belong in his family as much as it appears is created through positioning. Bruno is seated across a la rge mahogany table from the rest of his family whilst they are speaking to him with a considerable gap between them. This positioning highlights the sense of isolation Bruno feels with relation to his family and is also metaphorical for the beginning stages of a chasm within the family which will continue to grow as the story progresses. Whilst Bruno’s family all seem enthusiastic about the move, as shown when the sister comments, â€Å"We’ll make new friends where we’re going†, Bruno seems to feel otherwise with his disheartened expression, and this becomes a basis on which he begins to feel that he does not belong. The atmosphere of belonging within the family which was strongly portrayed initially is gradually deteriorated as events unfold around the new home. The mother soon discovers that her husband’s promotion was in fact to oversee the progress of the nearby Auschwitz concentration camp, which included the mass killing, cremating and burial of hundreds of Jewish inmates.Despite the mother’s pleas to her husband, which are ignored, she suffers a series of breakdowns, as evinced through her lack of makeup, disheveled hair and general uninhibited behavior such as playing on Bruno’s swing and laughing to herself. Her initially kind and warm motherly words of affect ion towards her family become increasingly hostile: â€Å"The man I married is a monster! Even your own mother couldn’t love you. † The father, on the other hand, becomes a cold impassive man, hardened by work. The lighting in his office is dim and unforgiving, accurately reflecting the nature of the work that is done there. Furthermore, another figure in the family who contributes to the widening chasm is Bruno’s older sister, Gretel, who becomes increasingly brainwashed through anti-Semitic propaganda, as indicated through her nationalistic pride and constant denigration of the Jews: â€Å"They’re evil. Evil, dangerous vermin†¦they’re the enemy. † The petty conflicts between the two siblings at the beginning of the movie eventually escalate to a point where Gretel has virtually rejected Bruno as she considers herself a mature adolescent and Bruno a nuisance.This is demonstrated through the manner in which she speaks to him as well as the facial expressions she directs towards him such as constantly rolling her eyes: â€Å"Never, stupid. † All these factors ultimately lead to worsening and then altogether eliminating the sense of belonging that Bruno feels with his family. Friendship as a source of belonging is an integral concept explored in the film and it is mo st frequently demonstrated through Bruno’s relationship with a young Jewish boy of the same age who resides in the nearby concentration camp.In the scenes where Bruno visits Schmuel, no particular special effects are used to portray the concentration camp in a negative light and the simplicity of these scenes with a medium shot effectively serves to highlight the importance of friendship despite the morbid surroundings. Bruno grows to like Schmuel and plays with him everyday despite being bombarded with continuous streams of anti-Semitic opinion: â€Å"You see, these people†¦ the Jews, are not really people at all†.In the scene where Bruno and Schmuel are playing checkers across a barbed wire fence, a non-diegetic piano melody accompanies which emphasizes that the sense of belonging in friendship can offer an alternative way out of harsh reality, and that friendship is something to appreciate during rough times. In the last scene, the image of Bruno and Schmuel clasping hands just before they die is symbolic of the mutual sense of belonging they feel with each other, and how they still treasure it right down to the last second.The film, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, consists of numerous cinematic techniques such as varying distances of shots, positioning and lighting as well as music to convey the message of belonging. As well, various aspects of the central notion of belonging is por trayed such as familial relationships, friendships and a sense of belonging with place through dialogue, choice of shot, positioning and appropriate music to accompany scenes.

Learning The Hard Way Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Learning The Hard Way Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Learning The Hard Way Afer complenting my first two years of college in a tiny junior college in Kentucky, I enrolled in Illinois State University, confident that I would well, because I haad sone well in the past. The size of the place was a bit daunting. The first challenge was finding a parking space. Where before I had parked ion a tree-lined street and walked the short distance to the main calssroom building at Bthel junior College, now I was confronted with acres of parking spaces which seemed miles from the classroom buildings. Classes were not just up one hall or down the next, as I had grown increasingly oneous. Unike Southerners who greet everyone, including strangers, with Hey! people rarely spoke. On a campus of over 10,000 students, I felt completely salone. Years later, as a graduate student at increasingly larger schools, I recalled feelings overwhelmed by the size and (seeming) indifference of ISC. One defining moment got me off to a terrible start, adn I never recovered. During my very first class at Illinois, I walked into a classroom and took a desk among thirty other students. After the instructor, a thin, balding male, called roll, he looked up adn asked, Is there anyone whose name I didn't call? I put up my hand, and he walked over to my seat. What is your name? he asked, pencil poised to write. Cindy Horne, I replied. How do you spell that? he asked. H-a-w-e-r-n? No, sir. 'H-o-r-n-e, I replied. H-o-r-n-e? he repeated. Yes, sir. then your name is not'Hawern, he mimicked. Your name is 'Horne,' he said, barking it out in one short, explosive syllable, a way I had never heard. The other students laughed, and he turned and walked to the front of the class. But my face flushed deep scarlet, and my eyes dropped to my notebook. For a long time, I did not look up but fought back tears adn retreated somewhere inside a feeling that I was completely out of place. What might for him have merely been an innocent attempt at humor by poking fun at a Southerner to break the ice of the first-day jitters, deeply humiliated me. I must REALLY be stupid, I thought, to not even know how to pronounce my own name! Today, I would pronbley laugh. Then, I was deeply ashaned. I never finished class. I dropped out of the university before the term was over. i suddenly felt inadequate, and no amount of study restored my confiednce. Two years later, I returned to Kentucky, enrolled in a small liberal arts college, completed my bachelor's degree, and wernt on to become an art teacher. I had many good teachers, but I learned a great lesson from that insentive man with the roll book, a lesson which has helped shape my educaitonal philosophy. I am glad I learned that lesson, even if it was painful at the time. It's has made me a better person.

New deveopment in textile industry - article summary

New deveopment in textile industry - summary - Article Example More glamorous applications include embedding gold nanoparticles into natural fabrics such as wool. The gold nanoparticles impart soft colours from pale soft greens, to browns and beiges, depending on the particle size and shape. These colours are stable, and may even provide some antibacterial properties to the fabrics, as an added bonus! Across the globe a tremendous amount of research is taking place in electrospinning techniques. The spun, polymer-based nanofibres can be loaded with different additives which could be nanoparticles, enzymes, drugs or catalysts. Some combinations can be antibacterial and sprayed on to wounds as a kind of healing web, others can be conductive or even form filters or membranes. Scientists are also working on nanoelectronic devices that can be embedded into textiles to provide special support systems for individuals in dangerous professions or sports. Some garments can now provide life-signs monitoring, internal temperature monitoring, chemical sensing and also power generation and storage to enable communication with the outside world. Garments with this kind of technology can be vital for the safety of say firefighters working in dangerous situations in isolation from their colleagues, or even for skiers or their rescuers to give early warning signs of hypothermia. In some establishments, research is ongoing into man-made nanofibres where clay minerals, carbon nanotubes or nanoparticulate metal oxides are used to impart new properties. These properties provide halogen-free, flame retardancy for a fabric, increased strength and shock-absorbency, heat and UV radiation stability, and even brighter colouration! Other work is ongoing in the very exciting area of inkjet printing onto textiles. This is opening up many possibilities, not just for the customised or localised printing of textiles to an individual

International sustainable business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International sustainable business - Essay Example Over the years IBM is trying to make its products and services environmentally friendly. According to a report published by the Ceres investor Coalition in December 2008, IBM was ranked the top company for climate change strategy and practices among all major technology companies. IBM’s super computers were also ranked the most high speed and energy efficient in November 2008. Apart from these rankings, there are many other recognitions and awards given to IBM for being a true Green company. In 2009, IBM launched its â€Å"Ready for Energy and Environment† validation program for business partners. In this program, they had set criteria for business partners to make eco-friendly products. Only those partners who qualified the criteria partnered with them. IBM provides a Global Asset Recovery Service (GARS). It helps the consumers to easily dispose off unwanted technology. By this service, the waste does not pollute the environment. IBM has been reusing, remarketing and recycling computers for quite a long time now. IBM helps organizations to create a ‘green’ IT infrastructure by offering different products and services. IBM virtualization, Active Energy manager, IBM System z mainframe servers, IBM system x servers, and IBM Power systems are some of the products and services that it provides in order to improve power efficiency. IBM is no doubt the leading manufacturers of computing industry. But there are many other famous brands offering technology and computing services. Among the close competitors that IBM has, Hewlett Packard (HP) is one of the giants of technology. In the scenario of Green computing, HP is more advanced than IBM. According to CNNMoney.com, HP is ranked among the top 10 green giants- the only computer’s company in the list. HP has massive e-waste recycling plants, and it is trying to cut energy consumption more and more. HP’s own machines are 100 percent recyclable. They have various products that are

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Discussion Questions - Essay Example Islamic teachings of early Islam inclined towards the social ideals of a settled life in preference to the nomadic way of life of the troublesome Arab nomads. The great importance that Prophet Muhammad placed on a settled way of life (hijra), and the abandonment of the nomadic way of life in the process of embracing Islam formed the basis of this means to subdue the troublesome Arab nomads. According to Donner (1981), this enabled the early Islamic elites to draw support from these religious teachings in their attempts to subdue the potentially troublesome Arab nomads, as can be seen from this quote, when supplies were requested for the troublesome Arab nomads, â€Å"by God, I will not supply you until I have supplied the settled people [ahl al-ha-dira]†. (1) The early Islamic elites denied the troublesome Arab nomads’ high positions of power in the political set up, and in the army chain of command, even if their loyalty was not in doubt, as the second means to control the Arab nomads. This ostracizing of the nomadic tribes meant that in the eyes of the ruling elite, they were not fit to occupy such seats of power. This meant that only the settled people occupied these seats of power, and removed the possibility of the Arab nomads being able to use these seats of power to incite action on behalf of the Arab nomads. (1) The tax pattern that was introduced by the early Islamic elites in the opinion of Donner (1981), sought to ostracize the Arab nomads. While the Muslims leading a settled way of life had to pay alms or zakat, and the non-Muslims leading a settled way of life tribute, or tax called jizya, the nomadic tribes had to pay a tax called sadaqa. This differentiation suggests that though the nomadic Arabs, who had embraced the religion of Islam were not considered to the settled Muslimsm and could be extended to mean that they were not Muslims in the true sense. (1) The final means employed by the early Islamic elite in subduing the

Frequency Swept Source using Xilinx DDS Compiler

Frequency Swept Source using Xilinx DDS Compiler Abstract This paper presents a module which basically is a frequency swept source (chirp signal), which sweeps from 1MHz to 10 MHz in 10 microseconds. The module was designed by using the DDS IP core in Xilinx. It is designed to be run on the ZedBoard Zynq Evaluation and Development Kit (xc7z020clg484-1). Keywords-frequency swept source; chirp signal ; DDS Compiler; This module was designed as a part of the coursework assignment of ECE 580B4 FPGA Signal Proc/Software Defined Radio. The purpose of this assignment was to design a frequency swept source which will be extensively used in testing the Digital FIR filters that are to be designed and implemented as a part of the future coursework. A. DDS IP Core Compiler The Xilinx DDS core compiler implements high performance phase generation and phase to sinusoid circuits with AXI-4 stream compliant features. The core sources sinusoidal waveforms for use in many applications. This module comes with an inbuilt sine and cosine Look up table and a phase generator. For the purposes of this assignment, the DDS compiler was configured to receive a streaming phase input and the phase width resolution is set to 8 bits to make the design more space efficient and to make the simulations run faster. B. Frequency swept Source Design The Frequency Swept source is coded as a synthesizable Verilog module. In this Verilog Module, The DDS Compiler was instantiated and appropriate phase data is streamed by feeding the data into the s_axis_phase_tdata. s_axis_phase_tvalid is always set to 1 for the purposes of this assignment. The frequency swept source is expected to sweep from 1Mhz to 10 Mhz in 10 micro-seconds. This basically translates to an increment of 1Mhz in every microsecond. So, initially the increment has been calculated to generate a 1Mhz signal and then the increment is ramped up linearly to generate the desired chirp signal. The following expression has been used to derive the phase increment value. Fout = fclk* (dt)/ (2^(B)); Here, fout is the output frequency, fclk is the clock frequency, dt is the phase increment and B refers to the phase width. The above equation, for an 8bit phase width, 100 Mhz source to generate a 1Mhz output signal basically expects a phase increment of 2.56. But in this design this has been rounded off to 3. So, a phase increment of 3 refers to an output of 1Mz signal and a phase increment of 6 refers to an output of 2Mhz signal etc. The value of phase increment should realistically increment upto 25.6, so this number will be rounded off to 25. Now, is basically comes down to generating 22 different values for phase increment in a matter of 10 microseconds. In out design, the timescale has been set to 1ns. Now to figure out the delay to increase the value of phase increment in steps of 1, we need to impart a suitable amount of delay. This delay is calculated as shown below Delay = [10u/(22)] * 10^3 nano seconds. [Assuming a delay of one unit refers to one nano second]. The value of delay comes out to be 454.54 cycles. So, basically, we increase the value of phase-increment in steps of 1 from a starting value of 3 after every 455 clock cycles. This makes sure we are getting appropriate ramping up of the phase increment value to generate the desired sweep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   module freq_sweep(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   input clk,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   output reg [7:0] sin,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   output reg [7:0] cos   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   );   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   reg[7:0] phase_data;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wire phase_valid;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wire [15:0] nco_data;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wire nco_valid;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   integer i;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   assign phase_valid =1;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   initial begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   phase_data = 3;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   dds_compiler_0 DUT(  Ã‚   .aclk(clk),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .m_axis_data_tdata(nco_data),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .m_axis_phase_tvalid(nco_valid),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .s_axis_phase_tvalid (phase_valid),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .s_axis_phase_tdata (phase_data)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   );   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   always @(posedge clk) begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if (phase_valid == 1) begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sin = nco_data [15:8];   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cos = nco_data [7:0];   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   always begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for (i=3; i

orwells political message to the world Essay -- essays research papers

Many authors bring in the theme of politics into their work in order to make their creations more appealing and as a form of expressing their personal views. George Orwell’s â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-four† is a novel that contains many political messages to the world. Orwell felt that part of his role as a writer is to serve as a voice of conscience to our society by trying to express the truth as he saw it. The novel was written in a crucial time period in modern history after the Second World War and at the beginning of the Cold War. One can see that the book was influenced by current events of its time mixed with Orwell’s standpoint. He focuses on three major political issues that effect society, which are the dangers of war, class differences and dictatorship. Orwell was trying to show how certain political systems could affect our society by working for only selected few’s interests and suppressing individual freedom. â€Å"1984† was written in a realistic way of the â€Å"worst case scenario† in order to warn people of what may happen if certain dangerous political ideologies gain or re-gain power. One of the most important political issues Orwell addresses in â€Å"1984† is the idea that war is bad. He does so by showing how the living conditions described in Oceania are a cause of the war. When it was reported that Oceania was winning, the citizens believed they would get benefits from it, which they did not. Orwell was pointing out the disadvantages of war that the poor life style was blamed on of the war effort. By emphasizing that he was showing that standard of living goes down during war for all people. The three powers Eurasia, Eastasia, and Oceania, are in a constant state of war with one another, yet all are self-contained and require no trade with one another, and therefore are not using war for economic needs. Because they have no economic reason, it can be suggested that Orwell was criticizing another popular reason to go into war (especially in WWII), nationality, and believed it should not be a justifiable reason for war. Goldstein’s book explained that the powers were in a constant state of war so the people will be too preoccupied with the war effort to worry about whether or not the present political system is working. The government distracts the people by constantly reminding them that when they win the war, Oceania will rule the world, and life will be ... ...s its own people (they are merely "cheap labour") One of the major issues in 'Nineteen Eighty-four' is the nature of freedom and the way that Totalitarianism has the capacity to destroy it. Winston's comment in his diary that "Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two makes four" encapsulates Orwell's belief that the individual must have the right to make up his own mind, regardless of official political party lines. The Party is a totalitarian government When the propaganda, deprivation, and rigid guidelines fail to convert someone to Party doctrine (INGSOC), the government uses torture to brainwash citizens. The fact that the Party must turn Winston into a walking zombie to finally crush his inner-revolt, reveals the Party’s ultimate frailty. Since the principles of INGSOC fail to inspire thinking people like Winston, the Party has no choice but to use extreme force and coercion to stay in power. Orwell calls upon his readers to recognize the evil and frailty of the Party and fight to prevent the spread of totalitarianism. While Orwell does not advocate for a specific alternative system, undercurrents of Socialism, Democracy, and Capitalism pervade.