A Very Short Introduction By Jonathan Culler - 1279 Words

In Literary Criticism A Very Short Introduction, author Jonathan Culler writes on feminist theory: on the one hand, feminist theorists champion the identity of women, demand rights for women, and promote women’s writings as representations of the experience of women. On the other hand, feminists undertake a theoretical critique of the heterosexual matrix that organizes identities and cultures in terms of the opposition between man and woman (Culler 140). These two approaches, championing and critiquing can be found in both the works of Jane Austen and E.M. Forster. In their novels, we welcome a central female character who flourishes into their own understanding of the word, and provides their own literary voice to an overwhelmingly†¦show more content†¦Rather, Lucy’s character is merely that, her own, a full embodiment of herself, and ultimately this is the major revelation she transcends to through her journey in Forster’s novel. Whereas Elizabeth seeks to prove a point of equality, Lucy seeks to embody that point. This does not discount Elizabeth’s progressiveness, but rather is central to how these two characters embody a continuum of feminism’s development. Both Elizabeth and Lucy exhibit strong determination, but contexts shape them differently. In the world of victorian England, Elizabeth Bennett rejects the man she is destined to love because he outwardly does not met the decorum of socie ty and slights her with his mannerism. In a similar way, Lucy holds to her own private prejudices in her rejection of George Emerson. But George Emerson is a far cry from Mr. Darcy; George being someone who has grown up equalizing women whereas Darcy has grown up believing they have a place. Therefore, for Lucy, expectations are different because the shift in gender equality is already well underway. Throughout the novel bread crumbs are dropped for Lucy about her own potential, whereas for the females of Austen’s Longbourn, marriage is their only opportunity, their lone certain way to escape. Even Elizabeth Bennett cannot escape this reality. In A Room with A View the female character’s autonomy is placed front in center. Furthermore, femininity itself is burgeoning out of evenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Evolution and Ambiguous Communication766 Words   |  4 Pagescould come right out and say it more precisely in a nice block of prose? This inherent ambiguity of poetry is best expressed by Culler in Literary Theory: If you take the sentence as a poem, the question isnt quite the same: not what does the speaker or author mean but what does the poem mean? How does this language work? What does this sentence do? (24) Here Culler points out an interesting decentralization of original meaning. In an ambiguous form of transmitting meaning (such as art, musicRead MoreEssay about Our Value of Art918 Words   |  4 PagesIt has many forms, such as painting, sculpture, architecture and the written word. Rousseau proposes, Instead of thinking of life as something to which signs and texts are added to represent it, we should conceive of itself as suffused with signs (Culler 12). For these purposes the signs which Rousseau identifies are works of art. This statement speaks to the inseparable quality of life and art. Since life and art are connected they invariably affect one another. Life is inherently chaotic. ThisRead MoreThe Fact Of Blackness By Frantz Fanon1223 Words   |  5 Pagesblack man’s lack of interpellation enhances the white man’s performativity furthering white supremacy; a way of rejecting neocolonialism that disregards societal norms. â€Å"Performative utterances do not describe but perform the action they designate† (Culler 96), and the repetitive assertions from the white man placed upon the black man results in him being inferior. The white man’s performativity about Butler’s idea of gender trouble, that gender, sexuality and biological makeup are not correlated. ItRead MoreSigmund Freuds Theory Of Psychoanalysis1636 Words   |  7 Pagesand the free-floating signifiers found in deconstruction, travels throughout the dreams and defenses of the mind, bringing together literature, psychology, civilization, and people throughout the world. Works Cited Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford UP, 1997. Freud, Sigmund. â€Å"Pyscho-analysis.† Translated by James Strachey, Critical Theory: A Reader for Literary and Cultural Studies, edited by Robert Dale Parker, Oxford UP, 2012, pp. 181-94. Parker,Read MoreSuccesses and Failures of Patriarchy in Colonialism2853 Words   |  12 Pagesexplored in different settings; the colonisation of the Irish in â€Å"Translations†, an unnamed island in â€Å"The Tempest† and the Igbo tribe in â€Å"Things Fall Apart†. Prospero is a familial patriarch, shown through his dominant control of Miranda, such as ‘the very minute bids thee ope thine ear. Obey and be attentive’ . Hugh’s control of Manus is familial, as is Okonkwo’s control of his wives and children. Prospero’s control of Caliban and Hugh’s control of the school is societal. Aristotle says that HumanityRead MoreStructuralism and Interpretation Ernest Hemingways Cat in Ther Ain9284 Words   |  38 Pagesencourage a pointless and self-indulgent academicism, by which the same information is shuffled from one set of categories to another, from one jargon to another, without any real advance in appreciation or understanding? The analysis offered here of a short story by Ernest Hemingway is intended to support a positive answer to the first set of questions, a negative answer to the second set. But first it may be useful to remind ourselves of the range and variety of theories, methodologies and approache sRead More William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay examples4807 Words   |  20 Pagesauthority of her father behind, to forget about the only man who had such a great influence on her life and to be truly alive for once. Another symbol providing readers with valid information about the protagonist is the Grierson’s family home. In a very interesting way the reader is presented with an image of a house which immediately brings to mind its occupant, Miss Emily: â€Å"It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated [†¦], set on what had once been our most select streetRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pageshave a definite unity. This will be found in the sequence of the essays, which for this reason are best read in the order proposed. However, it would perhaps be advisable for readers unversed in philosophy to put off the chapter on reification to the very end. A few words of explanation — superfluous for many readers perhaps — are due for the prominence given in these pages to the presentation, interpretation and, discussion of the theories of Rosa Luxemburg. On this point I would say, firstly, thatRead MoreLanguage and the Destiny of Man12402 Words   |  50 Pageslived presence would have become totally incomprehensible. It was claimed that this dualism of substances was the unmistakable symptom of metaphysical thought, which would possibly mean that the very presence of metaphysics is indicative of a serious case of misapprehension or deviation1. However, the very idea of â€Å"Cartesian dualism† may be viewed as a locus obscurus in the philosophical thought. It is an obscure place not only because it has been inadequately examined or debated. Rather because recentRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesMcAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringin g together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves

Ruthless Or Progressive Animal Testing - 1396 Words

Veronica Peiffer Ms. Sharon Graham ENG 102 VF 08 October 2015 Ruthless or Progressive Animal Testing Curious minds since the beginning of time have used animals to explore deeper into the realms of science, whether behavioral or biomedical. Despite many medical advances since, people have developed a division between what they feel is beneficial or not to the modernizing world as to whether animal cruelty is acceptable and humane or not. Animal testing is research science, typically regarding chemical exposures, drug overdoses, genetic manipulation, and surgical procedures that result in prolonged suffering and eventual death. According to Bernard E. Rollin’s journal entry from the Hastings Center Report, The Moral Status of Invasive Animal Research, â€Å"Science is ‘value free’ in general and ‘ethics free’ in particular† which indicates scientists are not concerned with the ethical matters but more so the results. Throughout the world, there are over 115 million animals tested in laboratories per year, ranging from farm animals to non-human primates (such as chimpanzees, monkeys, etc.) Many people are aware that animal testing exists, but not to the extent of what it is, such as how an eyeliner from L’Oreal has been tested on an animal. However, it’s not the finished product that is tested on an animal but rather so the breakdown of the chemical composition within the product. There are ongoing experiments to this day where hazardous chemicals are rubbed into the shavedShow MoreRelatedScience and Technology13908 Words   |  56 Pages Equals Humans Tatsuhiko Hasemi Youth Category â€Æ'The Power of Science Illuminating the World Heidi Baumgartner â€Æ'Proposal: Innovating Solar Power Systems to Improve Lives Lilian Kanaya â€Æ'Scientific Development and the Coexistence of Animals and Humans Hikari Kunitomo â€Æ'Encouraging the Access to Sciences to Construct a Better World Kim Pawliw â€Æ'The Role of Science in Building a Better World: Shifting the Paradigms!! Ruby Karmacharya List of Other Prize Winners ãÆ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' »Ã£Æ' » Read MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 Pageseighteenth century. †¢ Inmates were poorly clothed, without privacy and the conditions so deplorable that disease thrive, especially the deadly typhus fever or goal fever. †¢ It spawn idleness, vice, perversion, profligacy, shameless exploitation and ruthless cruelty among its inmates as well as its caretakers thereby making them hotbeds of infection and cesspool of corruptions. †¢ New Gate Gaol of London – the famous Gaol in Europe. o HULK – an old sailing ship that is n o longer used for sea voyagesRead MoreSustainable Solutions Paper wk 7 draft16370 Words   |  66 Pageslike the IPod and IPad are evidence that Apple is generating a rivalry on a different stage. Overall, the competitive rivalry within this industry is very high. Were Apple to find a way to translate the popularity of its I-product line into a progressive and sought-after desktop PC or laptop line, it would likely heat the rivalry that much more and quite possibly push Dell and other PC market share leaders to more aggressively pursue innovation. Implications of Five Forces An examination of theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesas the Strong-Campbell Vocational Inventory, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the StanfordBinet Intelligence Test, and a host of other instruments are available in most college counseling centers or testing centers. Be careful, however, of the multiple assessment instruments you can find on numerous Web sites. Most are not reliable or valid. On the other hand, no one, it should be emphasized, can get too much self-knowledge. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

It Act and Grey Areas Essay Example For Students

It Act and Grey Areas Essay Information Technology Act The Information Technology Act 2000 (ITA-2000)(IT ACT) is an Act of the Indian Parliament (No 21 of 2000) notified on October 17, 2000. History of the Act The United Nations General Assembly by resolution A/RES/51/162, dated the 30 January 1997 has adopted the Model Law on Electronic Commerce adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. This is referred to as the UNCITRAL Model Law on E-Commerce. Following the UN Resolution India passed the Information Technology Act 2000 in May 2000 and notified it for effectiveness on October 17, 2000. The Information technology Act 2000 has been substantially amended through the Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 which was passed by the two houses of the Indian Parliament on December 23,and 24, 2008. It got the Presidential assent on February 5, 2009 and was notified for effectiveness on October 27, 2009. A Complete history of how the current version of the Information Technology Act -2008 version evolved over a period of time between 1998 to 2009 is available at the reference link given under external links below. Specifics of the Act Information technology Act 2000 consisted of 94 sections segregated into 13 chapters. Four schedules form part of the Act. In the 2008 version of the Act, there are 124 sections (excluding 5 sections that have been omitted from the earlier version) and 14 chapters. Schedule I and II have been replaced. Schedules III and IV are deleted. Essence of the Act Information Technology Act 2000 addressed the following issues: 1. Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents 2. Legal Recognition of Digital Signatures 3. Offenses and Contraventions 4. Justice Dispensation Systems for Cybercrimes ITA 2008 as the new version of Information Technology Act 2000 is often referred has provided additional focus on Information Security. t has added several new sections on offences including Cyber Terrorism and Data Protection. The Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 The Government of India has brought major amendments to ITA-2000 in form of the Information Technology Amendment Act, 2008. Criticism The amendment was passed in an eventful Parliamentary session on 23rd of December 200 8 with no discussion in the House. Some of the cyber law observers have criticized the amendments on the ground of lack of legal and procedural safeguards to prevent violation of civil liberties of Indians. There have also been appreciation about the amendments from many observers because it addresses the issue of Cyber Security. Section 69 empowers the Central Government/State Government/ its authorized agency to intercept, monitor or decrypt any information generated, transmitted, received or stored in any computer resource if it is necessary or expedient so to do in the interest of the sovereignty or integrity of India, defence of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence or for investigation of any offence. Notification Of IT Act 2008 The Information Technology Amendment Act, 2008 (IT Act 2008) has been passed on 23rd December 2008 and received the assent of President of India on 5th February, 2009. The IT Act 2008 has been notified on Oct 27 2009 GREY AREAS OF IT ACT 2000 1. The IT Act, 2000 is likely to cause a conflict of jurisdiction. 2. Electronic commerce is based on the system of domain names. The IT Act, 2000 does not even touch the issues relating to domain names. Even domain names have not been defined and the rights and liabilities of domain name owners do not find any mention in the law. 3. The IT Act, 2000 does not deal with any issues concerning the protection of Intellectual Property Rights I the context of the online environment. Contentious yet very important issues concerning online copyrights, trademarks and patents have been left untouched by the law, thereby leaving many loopholes. 4. As the cyber law is growing, so are the new forms and manifestations of cyber crimes. The offences defined in the IT Act, 2000 are by no means exhaustive. .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e , .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .postImageUrl , .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e , .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:hover , .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:visited , .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:active { border:0!important; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:active , .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3faf62e6d6a507833e81a9f73b64b7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Raging Bull EssayHowever, the drafting of the relevant provisions of the IT Act, 2000 makes it appear as if the offences detailed therein are the only cyber offences possible and existing. The IT Act, 2000 does not cove various kinds of cyber crimes and Internet related crimes. These Include:- a) Theft of Internet hours b) Cyber theft c) Cyber stalking d) Cyber harassment e) Cyber defamation f) Cyber fraud g) Misuse of credit card numbers h) Chat room abuse 5. The IT Act, 2000 has not tackled several vital issues pertaining to e-commerce sphere like privacy and content regulation to name a few. Privacy issues have not been touched at all. 6. Another grey area of the IT Act is that the same does not touch upon any anti- trust issues. 7. The most serious concern about the Indian Cyber law relates to its implementation. The IT Act, 2000 does not lay down parameters for its implementation. Also, when internet penetration in India is extremely low and government and police officials, in general are not very computer savvy, the new Indian cyber law raises more questions than it answers. It seems that the Parliament would be required to amend the IT Act, 2000 to remove the grey areas mentioned above.